At the heart of the Egyptian calendar year seems to have been the rising waters of the Nile as part of the annually-occurring inundation.Over time, they must have observed the changing phases of the moon, each cycle of which numbers 29 ½ days. The heliacal rising of Sirius for example, was the start of the Nile flooding, which occurred every year at Cairo. The Egyptian calendar was broken down as follows: Depiction of an Egyptian hieroglyphic calendar. These 10-day weeks were called decans, meaning groups of ten.. Decans were based on astronomical observations of small constellations of stars that would have a heliacal rising every 10 days. Copernicus constructed his tables for the motion of the planets based on the Egyptian year because of its mathematical regularity. The stone circle shows that they were accomplished at marking time and, it can be assumed, predicting the coming of the floods. The ancient Egyptian calendar is a 365 days solar calendar. Originally, the months were simply numbered as a month of a season, rather than named. The Flooding Season: Each spring, snow on the mountains would melt. In later sources, these were distinguished as "first", "middle", and "last". Before the introduction of astrology, ancient Egyptians used the solar calendar exclusively, marking their days and years by stellar events. Sirius itself, about 40° below the ecliptic, follows a Sothic year almost exactly matching that of the Sun, with its reappearance now occurring at the latitude of Cairo (ancient Heliopolis and Memphis) on 19 July (Julian), only two or three days later than its occurrence in early antiquity. [63] For example, the New Year occurred on I Akhet 1. The ancient Egyptians began numbering their years when the star Sirius rose at the same place as the Sun. The third season - was called Shomu, which means low water. Contemporary Egyptian farmers, like their ancient predecessors, divide the year into three seasons: winter, summer, and inundation. The year consisted of three seasons of 120 days each, plus an intercalary month of five epagomenal days treated as outside of the year proper. Some Egyptologists have described it as lunisolar, with an intercalary month supposedly added every two or three years to maintain its consistency with the solar year, but no evidence of such intercalation before the 4th century BC has yet been discovered. The Ancient Egyptians were highly organised with a very efficient central government. The names of its months were Hnsw, Hnt-Htj, Ipt-Hmt, and Wep-Renpet. WinterSince the year has 12 months, each season lasts about three months. Ptolemy III's Canopus Decree attempted to correct this through the introduction of a sixth epagomenal day every four years but the proposal was resisted by the Egyptian priests and people and abandoned until the establishment of the Alexandrian or Coptic calendar by Augustus. Decans are groups of stars in ancient Egyptian astronomy that were used to tell time at night. Sirius (bottom) as viewed from the Hubble telescope. [x] His use of the year 139 seems questionable,[82] as 136 seems to have been the start of the tetraëteris[83] and the later date chosen to flatter the birthday of Censorinus's patron. Thus, the ancient Egyptians operated with three calendars, each for a different purpose. Egyptian scholars were involved with the establishment of Julius Caesar's reform of the Roman calendar, although the Roman priests initially misapplied its formula and—by counting inclusively—added leap days every three years instead of every four. else if (h) d=g+h+i a='

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